Famous African-Americans    School children around the country know the names of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Frederick Douglass, Muhammad Ali and Colin Powell. They know Harriet Tubman led slaves to freedom, Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on the bus, and Cuba Gooding Jr. won an Oscar for telling Tom Cruise to "show me the money." These names are among the many of African-Americans who have earned a place in our collective American history by fighting for civil rights, leading our Armed Forces, or making a mark in the performing arts. They are scientists, teachers, union leaders, professional athletes, performers, authors and civil servants. They have made advances, for African-Americans and for America as a whole, with dignity and strength; but not all their names are as readily recognizable as Martin Luther King, Jr. The following books will introduce readers to the aforementioned famous African-Americans, as well as some of the unsung heroes or lesser-known contributors in African-American history. In addition to household names such as Martin Luther King, Jr. and Thurgood Marshall, there are also selections on Bessie Coleman, the first black woman pilot, Christopher Paul Curtis, winner of the Newberry Medal and the Coretta Scott King Award, Phillis Wheatley, a slave poet, and Mae Jemison, the first African-American woman in space, among others. From aviation to civil rights, professional sports to suffrage, these remarkable African-Americans have impacted our society and are sure to impact your young reader. Reviews A. Philip Randolph and the African American Labor Movement Calvin Craig Miller    Asa Philip Randolph's story is one for the ages that should be told to all generations. His work with organized labor and fight for racial equality is sorely under represented in history books. This book helps to fill that void. The book describes Mr. Randolph's early life in Jacksonville, Florida where his father greatly influenced his passion for equality and justice. It also describes Mr. Randolph's relationships with presidents, dignitaries and other African American leaders. He is probably best known for leading the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters. The author does a good job of describing not only the formation of the Sleeping Car Porters but other events in Randolph's life as well. It is well researched and a good resource for book reports and other writings. This would be a great addition to any library. 2005, Morgan Reynolds Publishing Inc, $24.95. Ages 12 up. Reviewer: Gilda R. Daniels (Children's Literature). Best Books: Middle and Junior High School Library Catalog, Ninth Edition, 2005; H.W. Wilson; United States ISBN: 1931798508 A. Philip Randolph: Union Leader and Civil Rights Crusader Catherine Reef    A tall quiet boy nicknamed "String Bean" grew up to be "the grand old man of the civil rights movement." Born in 1889, Randolph organized the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters in 1925, before Martin Luther King was even born. In 1963 he helped organize the Freedom March on Washington where King made his famous "I Have a Dream" speech. With a reputation for honesty and a talent for being persuasive, Randolph spent his life working to provide personal freedom and a better life for black Americans. This biography concentrates more on historical information than personal, making it less animated than some, but always interesting. A particular strength is its clear in-text explanations of a multitude of terms, such as tenant farmer, segregation, Pullman porter, Jim Crow laws, civil disobedience, labor unions, Black Power, Great Depression, Harlem Renaissance and many more. Organizations such as NNC, CIO, NAACP and AFL, although defined, may be hard to for some readers to keep straight. This well-documented and indexed addition to the "African-American Biographies" series will give readers a quality picture not only of a man "undaunted and unafraid," but also of a movement that spanned the century. 2001, Enslow, Ages 10 to 14, $20.95. Reviewer: Betty Hicks ISBN: 0766015440 African-American Astronauts Dr. Stanley P. Jones and L. Octavia Tripp   This is one in a series of Capstone short biographies. Its six brief chapters feature a general discussion of astronauts and how to become one, and five biographies of the initial African-American astronauts in the U.S. space program. The varied backgrounds of both male and female astronauts serve as an inspiration to those children who have special dreams of what they want to be when they grow up. A glossary of space terms and several addresses for seeking further information are included. A nice addition to the school library. 1998, Capstone Press, Ages 7 to 9, $19.00. Reviewer: Meredith Kiger ISBN: 0-516-21334-2 African American Millionaires Otha Richard Sullivan Jim Haskins, general editor    A volume in the "Black Star" series, this well-intentioned collection profiles twenty-five African American achievers who have become millionaires, some many times over. Each opens with an overview of their success followed by information about their childhood, education either formally or in work situations, and their rise to success. Much of the information is taken from the subject's own writings, as indicated by the bibliography. Subjects are divided by chronology into four parts: William Leidesdorff represents "The Early Years" and four people (Mary Ellen Pleasant, Bridget Mason, Anthony Overton, and Abraham Lincoln Lewis) represent the Civil War and Reconstruction Era. "Into the New Century" presents five subjects, including the more well-known Madame C. J. Walker and S. B. Fuller. "Modern Times," the largest section, mostly figures from sports, modeling, and entertainment, includes Robert L. Johnson, "Spike" Lee, and Tiger Woods. Wooden, fulsome prose is unadorned with quotes and recounts facts but with omissions (e.g., suggesting that Magic Johnson's AIDs was caused by blood transfusions rather than prodigious sexual activity about which Johnson is quite open). Each person is represented by an often poorly reproduced photograph (Madame C. J. Walker's is so muddy that one only has to look at the jacket to see the contrast). Unevenly formatted biographies feature boxed information and vocabulary in earlier profiles but boxes are all but abandoned in later profiles. However, what emerges from these profiles is the message of hard work, the head-on confrontation of racial injustices, the role of mentors and the importance of being one, the value of education, and the author's selection of public good works which suggest the importance of giving back to the community. All in all, report writers will find information here while others will be inspired to dream. But the modern venue for making a million, indicates this book, is still in sports and entertainment. 2005, Wiley, $24.95. Ages 11 to 16. Reviewer: Susan Hepler, Ph.D. (Children's Literature). Best Books: Middle and Junior High School Library Catalog, Ninth Edition, 2005; H.W. Wilson; United States ISBN: 0471469289 African-American Poet Carol Greene Illustrated by Steven Gaston Dobson   Carol Greene begins this informative book with Phillis Wheatley's trip to America aboard a slave ship. Even though Phillis was later set free, she remained a part of the Wheatley family. The book further recounts her eagerness to learn. Greene captures Wheatley's life story in free verse, a fitting compliment to this African-American poet. The writing style is strong and easy to follow, providing a quick-paced telling of Phillis' short life. Steven Dobson, the book's illustrator, includes photographs, pen and ink drawings and color pictures. Within the book's 47 pages, other accents including an index, a timeline, transcripts of Miss Wheatley's poems, and a letter by John Wheatley authenticating Phillis' accomplishments. Taken together, the text, illustrations, writing style and subject, the book provides an interesting introduction to Phillis' life. As a book depicting the courage and grace of historical African-American women, it complements other African-American biographies such as Mary Lincoln's Dressmaker by Betty Rutberg. 1995, Children's Press, Ages 8 to 10, $18.30 and $4.95. Reviewer: Karen Williams ISBN: 0-516-04269-6 ISBN: 0-516-44269-4 African-Americans Who Were First Joan Potter and Constance Clayton   This incredibly interesting book provides biographical sketches of African-Americans who were the first in their race to accomplish a particular goal. Thematically organized, the book shares the lives of the early African-Americans, the emancipation era, newly freed African-Americans, the Civil Rights movement, and African-Americans today. Well-known African-Americans such as Nat King Cole, Jesse Owens, and Oprah Winfrey are profiled along with some equally as interesting but relatively unknown people including Garrett A. Morgan, the first to invent the automatic traffic light and gas mask; Mary Ann Shadd Cary, the first African-American newspaper woman; and Moneta Sleet, Jr., the first African-American to win a Pulitzer Prize. 1997, Cobblehill Books, Ages 10 up, $15.99. Reviewer: Rebecca Joseph. ISBN: 0-525-65246-9 Alice Walker: Freedom Writer Caroline Lazo    The life of Alice Walker, the first African American to win the Pulitzer Prize for fiction, is a perfect example of what one can achieve with the love and support of parents and family even though they have limited means. Losing the sight of one eye during play with her brothers could have permanently damaged her self-esteem. With her family's aid Alice was able to obtain the necessary surgery to remove the "glob" on her eye that made her feel that she was unpleasant to look at. In addition to her early childhood, the author relates aspects of her personal life, her marriage, her work with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. during the Civil Rights movement, and her commitment to confront such unpopular issues as female genital mutilation. Part of the "Lerner Biographies" series. 2000, Lerner Publications, Ages 9 to 12, $25.26. Reviewer: Leila Toledo ISBN: 0822549603 Best Books: Notable Social Studies Trade Books for Young People, 2001; National Council for the Social Studies; United States Awards, Honors, Prizes: Society of School Librarians International Book Awards Honor 2000 Social Studies - Novels, Grades 7 - 12 United States Arthur Ashe Caroline Lazo   Based on A&E's acclaimed "Biography" series, this book traces the life and tennis career of Arthur Ashe, a talented athlete and inspirational human rights activist. On and off the court, Ashe used his courage and resilience to overcome discrimination, fight prejudice, protest apartheid in South Africa, organize tennis clinics for poor children, and educate people about a variety of issues including heart disease and AIDS. His contributions to the tennis world, and the world in general, have paved the way for a new generation of African Americans. This outstanding biography accurately describes the "ups and downs" of Ashe's life and provides dozens of memorable photographs. 1999, Lerner Publications, Ages 10 up, $23.93. Reviewer: Debra Briatico ISBN: 0-8225-4932-8 Aunt Clara Brown: Official Pioneer Linda Lowery Illustrations by Janice Lee Porter    Clara Brown was a pioneer in many ways. Although she was a slave, she had been able to buy her freedom when her owner died. Determined to make something of her life, she traveled to Colorado with pioneers, serving as cook and laundress, to begin a new life. Through all of her struggles, Clara continued to look for her lost daughter who had been sold into slavery at the age of ten. Clara was a kind and caring woman who made many friends. Elementary children will get a sense of what being a slave was like in this well-written biography, part of the "On My Own Biography" series. It is an excellent series for introducing biographies to elementary children. A list of important dates is included. 1999, Carolrhoda Books, Ages 6 to 10, $19.93. Reviewer: Joyce Rice ISBN: 1575050455 ISBN: 1575054167 Best Books: The Best Children's Books of the Year, 2000; Bank Street College of Education; United States Children's Catalog, Eighteenth Edition, 2001; H.W. Wilson; United States The Children's Literature Choice List, 2000; Children's Literature; United States Recommended Literature: Kindergarten through Grade Twelve, 2002; California Department of Education; California School Library Journal Book Review Stars, November 1999; Cahners; United States School Library Journal: Best Books, 1999; Cahners; United States Barbara Jordan: Getting Things Done James Mendelsohn    An engrossing portrait of this talented politician, who overcame race and gender barriers to achieve prominence in the Democratic Party, is painted in the chapters of this book. The excellent text will draw readers in; details of Jordan's life flow together with the history of the times. Readers learn about Texas history and what life was like for black families throughout the century and, in particular, the mid-century period of Jordan's coming of age. Jordan was truly a marvel. As a youth, she distinguished herself as an outstanding debater. After law school, Jordan decided that she would make her mark in the world of politics. She earned respect from powerful, white male colleagues in the Texas Senate--no small feat. And she was able to do the same in the U.S. House of Representatives. President Lyndon Johnson became an admirer and friend. This book, a tribute to an extraordinary woman, should be widely read. 2000, Twenty-First Century Books/The Millbrook Press, Ages 12 up, $23.90. Reviewer: Jeanne K. Pettenati ISBN: 0761314679 Best Books: The Best Children's Books of the Year, 2001; Bank Street College of Education; United States Senior High School Library Catalog, Sixteenth Edition, 2002; H.W. Wilson; United States Senior High School Library Catalog, Supplement to the Fifteenth Edition, 2001; H.W. Wilson; United States Benjamin Banneker: Mathematician and Stargazer Rose Blue and Corinne J. Naden    Although few people ever heard of Benjamin Banneker, this entry in the "Gateway Biography" series makes fascinating reading. It might be called the story of an ordinary life lived with extraordinary grace and intelligence, but his part in the surveying of Washington, D.C. and his writing of the first almanac published by a black man add historical interest. Born in 1731, Benjamin Banneker was the grandson of an English immigrant named Molly Welsh and a freed slave named Bannaka. Although the couple married, the union wasn't legal because she was a white woman, so they stayed to themselves and worked on their farm. Benjamin's mother, Mary, was their oldest child, and his father, Robert, from Guinea, West Africa, took her last name, which eventually was spelled Banneker. Benjamin was fortunate in being taught to read and write by his grandmother, an advantage enjoyed by few children, black or white, in rural Maryland, where he grew up and lived until his death in 1806. A well-written biography, worth reading for the glimpse of life as it was lived by an accomplished man of mixed race during that period of history. 2001, The Millbrook Press, Ages 9 to 12, $22.90. Reviewer: Carolyn Mott Ford ISBN: 0761318054 Benjamin Banneker Melissa Maupin    In this biography of Benjamin Banneker, Maupin actually begins her account with Banneker's grandmother, Molly Walsh, an indentured servant from England. In a most confusing first three paragraphs, Maupin introduces Molly and gives the date of her arrival in Maryland, but then goes back to the incident in England that preceded Molly's coming to America. Although the book is generously illustrated with photographs and drawings from the periods represented, there are no notes to explain where one might see the photographs or documents that are shown. Dear Benjamin Banneker by Andrea Davis Pinkney presents Banneker's life in a more detailed way than this volume of the "Journey to Freedom" series. Maupin does include a good timeline of Banneker's life, but the glossary (with pronunciations), index, and brief bibliography of further readings are not thorough enough. Overall, the volume is weak, unorganized, and unappealing. 2000, Child's World, Ages 8 to 12, $24.00. Reviewer: J. B. Petty ISBN: 1567666183 Beryl Markham: Never Turn Back Catherine Gourley   Here is an exciting book about an aviator and adventurer's life. And quite a life she had! Her mother abandoned her, and her father didn't care if she grew to be a "lady." She was raised to be an African warrior at least until she reached puberty. She was expelled from all the best schools, until she was old enough to do what she wanted, which was raise and train and race horses. But then the excitement of riding a winner paled when she flew in an airplane for the first time. 1997, Conari Press, Ages 11 up, $6.95. Reviewer: Judy Silverman ISBN: 1-57324-073-7 Bessie Coleman: First Black Woman Pilot Connie Plantz    "The sky is the only place where there is no prejudice. Up there...everyone is free," said Bessie Coleman, a black woman who longed to fly airplanes. Born in 1892, however, Bessie discovered multiple barriers to her dream. At a time when blacks were lynched in America and women were second-class citizens, American flight schools would not allow her to enroll. So in 1920, Bessie traveled to France to earn her international license, a prestigious award that Amelia Earhart didn't receive until 1923. Unfortunately, when Bessie returned to America no one would hire her; they wouldn't even sell her a plane. She pursued her dream anyway, buying a plane in France and becoming a stunt pilot in order to raise money to begin her own aviation school. Despite exceptional piloting skills, Coleman enjoyed embellishing her accomplishments and charming reporters with her "good looks, sense of theater, and eloquence." A puzzling but apparently accidental airplane crash ended her life at the age of 34, but her example inspired the creation of flight schools for African-Americans. Plantz captures all the drama, pride and hardship of Bessie's eventful and inspirational life in this absorbing addition to the "African-American Biographies" series. 2001, Enslow, Ages 10 to 14, $20.95. Reviewer: Betty Hicks ISBN: 0766015459 Bill Picket Rodeo-Ridin' Cowboy Andrea D. Pinkney Illustrated by Brian Pinkney   This historical biography provides a unique glimpse into the Old West. Beginning with a description of a wagon train heading to Texas from South Carolina, the book points out that some of the travelers were slaves. A descendant of those slaves was Bill Pickett. As a small child, he discovered he could wrestle a steer to the ground by biting it in the upper lip as trained bulldogs did. After inventing "bull dogging" human-style, Bill went on to bring his unique talent to the rodeo circuit to introduce a new event to the sport. Bill Pickett is one of many African-American cowboys who played major roles in the history of the Old West. The afterward and further reading list included in this book will help guide young readers to learn more about these unique cowboys. Andrea Pinkney's text chronicles Bill Pickett's life from his grandparents forced migration to his death in 1932. Highlighting his rodeo feats, she also discusses the importance of family and the pivotal role storytelling played in the homes of the Pickett clan. Brian Pinkney's trademark scratchboard illustrations give a startling and vibrant quality to the text. Using mostly browns, red, and blues, he sets a dusty, cowboy mood. 1996, Harcourt Brace, Ages 8 to 12, $16.00. Reviewer: Alexandria LaFaye ISBN: 0-15-200100-X Black Artists in Photography, 1840-1940 George Sullivan   Jules Lion, Augustus Washington, James P. Ball, the Goodridge brothers, Cornelius Battery, and Addison Scurlock are names perhaps foreign to most. This may be because most books that document the history of photography make no mention of African-American photographers. Yet, these men were "among the first and most important African-Americans to pursue their craft during the first century of photography's existence." In Black Artists in Photography, we learn about these men and their remarkable art, which tells a story in itself. 1996, Cobblehill, Ages 12 to 14, $16.99. Reviewer: Leslie Verzi Julian ISBN: 0-5256-5208-6 Black Diamond Patricia McKissack & Fredrick McKissack, Jr.   African Americans did not play major league baseball until Jackie Robinson became a part of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947. But that doesn't mean that African Americans didn't enjoy the sport. There were many teams and players who constituted the Negro Leagues. The McKissacks start with a brief history of the sport and then move on to discuss in detail the development of the sport and its African American stars. If you are a sports or history buff, this book will have lots of appeal. It is liberally illustrated with black and white photographs (not always of good quality), but never-the-less interesting. There is a section of brief biographies of the various players, a Hall of Fame listing, timeline, and index. The book was selected as a Coretta Scott King Honor Book. 1994, Scholastic, Ages 10 up, $14.95 and $3.99. Reviewer: Marilyn Courtot ISBN: 0-590-45809-4 ISBN: 0-590-67170-7 Black Frontiers: A History of African American Heroes in the Old West Lillian Schlissel   This lovely text shatters the myth that only the white people settled the West. In fact, we learn that one quarter of the 38,000 cowboys who rode the open ranges in the late 1850s were African-American. Schlissel tells stories about these cowboys along with other African-Americans who moved west after the end of the Civil War. Filled with vintage photographs, this book makes the lives of these unsung heroes come alive. 1995, Simon & Schuster, Ages 8 to 12, $18.00. Reviewer: Rebecca Joseph ISBN: 0-689-80285-4 Booker T. Washington Kristin Thoennes Keller    As part of the series, "Fact Finders," this biography is well written and the format is certainly reader friendly. Historical photographs that add interest and support the text accompany every page. The author also includes boxes in the margins of the pages that contain either quotations or facts. Did you know that when Booker entered school, he had no last name? He gave himself the last name of Washington. Booker is known for many "firsts," one of which was he taught the first American Indian students at Hampton Institute. This biography covers all the important turning points in Booker T. Washington's life and is a true inspiration for all of us. Included at the back of the book are "Fast Facts," a "Time Line," a "Glossary," "Internet sites," "Read More" and an "Index." All vocabulary words that can be found in the glossary are highlighted. It amazes me how much information is given in just 32 pages. The quotations chosen for this book are great, but my favorite is, "Character is power." What a great writing prompt that would be! Both boys and girls will find this biography interesting. It would be perfect in a classroom or school library. It can be used as a resource for a research paper or for nonfiction reading. I highly recommend this book because the format is easy to follow and the short chapters will benefit even reluctant readers. 2006, Capstone Press, $22.60. Ages 8 to 11. Reviewer: Kathie M. Josephs (Children's Literature). ISBN: 0-7368-4343-4 Booker T. Washington: Great American Educator Eric Braun Illustrated by Cynthia Martin    In the early days of Washington's life he and his family were slaves. After the Civil War, Washington and his stepfather worked in the coal mines in Malden, West Virginia, but Washington yearned for an education. At age 16 he set off for Hampton Institute where his dream of getting an education became a reality. The principal of Hampton, General Samuel Armstrong, helped Washington get a job at a school for African-Americans in Tuskegee, AL. When he arrived there, he was surprised that there was no building and few supplies. He launched a fund-raising campaign to raise money from both blacks and whites to build and supply the school. There were some things about Washington related in this book of which I was unaware. (A friend of mine, Dr. Benjamin Payton, is president of Tuskegee and I have spent time at the school.) Among the things that I did not know was that Washington paid for an attorney to fight segregation in court and to support the fight against unfair voting laws in Louisiana. This title's illustrations are colorful and the book is referred to as a Graphic Biography. The text is easy to read and quotations from primary sources are indicated by a yellow background. 2006, Capstone Press, $25.26. Ages 7 to 10. Reviewer: Leila Toledo (Children's Literature). ISBN: 0-7368-4630-1 Bridget "Biddy" Mason: from Slave to Businesswoman Jean Kinney Williams    In 1856, the year prior to the U.S. Supreme Court's historic Dred Scott ruling, California Judge Benjamin Hayes declared slave Bridget "Biddy" Mason a free woman. Born in 1818, Mason served several southern masters prior to settling in California with her owners. In Los Angeles County, Mason met free African-Americans who told her California outlawed slavery. Aware Mason's owner planned to move to Texas, friends warned Mason that she risked continued enslavement in that state. When the local court evaluated her legal status, Mason told Judge Hayes she desired freedom. Earning money as a midwife and nurse, Mason purchased land and became wealthy. She generously shared her riches, providing funds to establish the first African-American church in Los Angeles. Mason's legacy endured after her 1891 death. Because Mason was illiterate, this biographer relies on primary records created by people who knew Mason and sometimes speculates when facts are unavailable. Illustrations complement the text, although captions explaining such discrepancies as an image of Judge Hayes's letter incorrectly stating he ruled regarding Mason in 1854 would have been useful. The time line needs to include events relevant to black and western history. Pair with Linda Lowery's One More Valley, One More Hill: The Story of Aunt Clara Brown to learn about other freed slaves in the West. This title is par of the "Signature Lives" series. 2006, Compass Point Books, $30.60. Ages 10 up. Reviewer: Elizabeth D. Schafer (Children's Literature). ISBN: 0-7565-1001-5 Bug Watching with Charles Henry Turner Michael Elsohn Ross Illustrated by Laurie A. Caple   Born in 1872, Charles Henry Turner was interested in bugs from the time he was a little boy. He pestered his teachers non-stop for information and quickly reached the limits of their knowledge. Finally, exasperated, one of them said, "if you want to know all about these things, why don't you go and find out." And that's exactly what young Charles did. This book tells the story of Turner's rise from an inquisitive youngster to noted naturalist. More important, though, it also skillfully combines fascinating information on bugs and insects with a glimpse into the lives of African Americans in post Civil-War America. A wonderful asset for students and one that will undoubtedly inspire students everywhere to become more interested in exploring the world around them. 1997, Carolrdhoda Books, Ages 8 to 11, $19.95. Reviewer: Armin Brott ISBN: 1-57505-003-X Carter G. Woodson: The Man Who Put "Black" in American History Jim Haskins and Kathleen Benson Illustrated by Melanie Reim    Throughout Black History Month, emphasis is placed on those whose contributions advanced the cause of African Americans. School children can recite the accomplishments of Frederick Douglass, Rosa, Parks, Martin Luther King, and Jackie Robinson. Few know the name of Carter G. Woodson, the man who started Black History Week in 1926. The son of slaves, Woodson grew up poor but with a passion for learning. Against all odds and after years of struggle and discrimination, he was the first African American of slave parents to receive a Ph.D. from Harvard. Frustrated by the lack of information in history books about the role of the African American in building this country, Woodson dedicated his life to research and the publication of accurate history. Each chapter is highlighted by a black-and-white painting, in the style of a mural, which when put together, tell Woodson's story as well as the African American struggle for equality. Prefaced with Art Notes, each painting is described in detail. Very readable, albeit brief, this excellent biography on a lesser known but influential American deserves a place on every biography shelf. 2000, Millbrook Press, Ages 10 to 12, $24.90. Reviewer: Beverley Fahey ISBN: 0761312641 Best Books: Children's Catalog, Eighteenth Edition, 2001; H.W. Wilson; United States Middle And Junior High School Library Catalog, Supplement to the Eighth Edition, 2001; H.W. Wilson; United States Notable Social Studies Trade Books for Young People, 2001; National Council for the Social Studies; United States Champion: The Story of Muhammad Ali Jim Haskins Illustrations by Eric Velasquez    It's been said that during his prime, Ali was the most recognized person in the entire world. This beautifully written book will keep the boxer's legend alive for a new generation. It tells both the bitter and the sweet parts of Ali's life--his segregated upbringing, the Olympic gold medal, the championships, the draft-evasion conviction that robbed him of his career for four years, and, sadly, the fact that the sport he loves has caused permanent brain damage and Parkinson's disease. Haskins supports the story with small, wonderful details, such as the fact that when Ali returned from the Olympics, his father had painted the front steps red, white and blue, and that when he first traveled by plane, he was so afraid that he brought along a parachute from the army surplus store. Velaszquez' oil illustrations are superb, depicting the ferocity of the boxer, the faith of the Muslim and the gentleness of the father holding his last child. The artist's final illustration, of the diminished Ali shakily holding the Olympic torch in Atlanta, captures the strength and dignity beneath the frozen Parkinson's mask. "Ali was as much a symbol himself as was the torch," the text on that page reads. "He was a symbol of strength and skill, of courage and pride." 2002, Walker & Company, Ages 6 to 10, $17.95. Reviewer: Donna Freedman ISBN: 0802787843 ISBN: 0802787851 Best Books: Publishers Weekly Book Review Stars, April 15, 2002; Cahners; United States Charlotte Forten: A Black Teacher in the Civil War Peter Burchard   Peter Burchard has brought life to the era and to this neglected woman. For an African-American, and a woman, to become a well-known teacher in a United States that was drifting towards the Civil War was truly an amazing accomplishment. Burchard uses Charlotte's diaries, letters, and other writings to paint a fascinating portrait of this remarkable woman. 1995, Crown, Ages 10 up, $16.00. Reviewer: Judy Silverman ISBN: 0-517-59242-8 Christopher Paul Curtis Ann G. Gaines    Christopher Paul Curtis, winner of the Newberry Medal and the Coretta Scott King Award for Bud, Not Buddy, has led a very interesting life and has shown that anyone can change his/her life for the better if he/she has the courage to take the plunge. Born in Flint Michigan in 1953, Curtis' parents were avid readers who instilled the same love of reading in their children. Although Curtis dropped out of college after only one year, he did not let his lack of higher education defeat him. He worked for many years on an assembly line, but he always knew that he wanted more. He continued to enter writing contests and began taking college courses about writing. He won several university writing contests, and with the support of his family, decided it was time to devote himself full time to writing. It was a terrible risk, but one he was willing to take. The result was his first novel for young people, The Watsons Go to Birmingham--1963. Curtis did not have money for an agent, but instead submitted the manuscript to a publishing company's annual contest. Curtis won the contest, and his first novel was published. Curtis still enjoys reading and visiting bookstores and libraries on promotion tours. Curtis is a very inspiring individual and shares his inspirations with people of all ages through his writing and his book tours. Part of the "A Read-Life Reader Biography" series. 2001, Mitchell Lane, Ages 7 to 12, $15.95. Reviewer: Danielle Williams ISBN: 1584150769 Civil Rights Pioneer: A Story about Mary Church Terrell Gwenyth Swain Illustrated by Ellen Beier    Less widely known than other African American role models of the past century, Mary Church Terrell was a force in the earliest years of the Civil Rights movement. The child of former slaves, young Mary earned a college degree when women of any race were seldom educated. Her husband, Robert Terrell, boasted equal achievements and was the country's first black Federal judge. However, Mary Terrell's accomplishments were independent of her husband's successes. As president of the National Association for Colored Women, she led the fight for kindergartens for black children and fought to integrate lunch counters in Washington, D.C. This is a lively and engaging biography of an inspiring woman. 1999, Carolrhoda Books, Ages 8 to 12, $21.97. Reviewer: Lois Rubin Gross ISBN: 1575053551 Colin Powell: A Man of Quality Libby Hughes   This easy to read biography tells the fascinating life story of Colin Powell, the first African-American Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Accompanied by black and white photographs, the text traces the self-made General Powell from his early childhood in the South Bronx, through his difficult high school years, his discovery of ROTC in college, his climb up the military ladder starting with two tours in Vietnam, to his becoming the highest-ranking military leader in the country. General Powell's life story is particularly fascinating because his success is due to hard work and determination, which should make him a role model for all young people today. 1996, Dillon Press, Ages 8 to 12, $13.95. Reviewer: Rebecca Joseph ISBN: 0-382-39260-4 Colin Powell: People's Hero Reggie Finlayson   This biography traces the life and career of America's first black chairperson of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. It also traces the life and career of a modern-day hero. Here, Colin Powell's story is made accessible to young readers. He becomes more than just another face on TV. Readers learn of Powell's riveting journey through war and politics as well as his personal relationships with his wife and children. 1997, Lerner Publications Company, Ages 7 up, $19.95. Reviewer: Sheree Van Vreede ISBN: 0-8225-2891-6 Colin Powell: Straight to the Top Rose Blue and Corinne J. Naden   One in a series, this biography profiles the well-known African-American, Colin Powell, from early childhood to his present-day political career. The positive influence of Powell's mother and father left a lasting mark on him. Their dream of a better life was founded on education. Now, almost 40 years after graduating from college, Powell's belief in the importance of education is as strong as that of his parents. He wants America to "live the American dream." His love of young people has led him to direct many programs geared toward helping them to achieve their dreams. From the leadership he provided during the Persian Gulf War to his decisions to declining both presidential and vice-presidential nominations in 1996, his distinguished life and vision for fairness and values can all be found within the pages of this well-developed story of a successful man. Photos truly depict the life and journey of Colin Powell. 1997, Millbrook, Ages 8 to 12, $13.90. Reviewer: Melinda M. Sprinkle ISBN: 1-56294-052-X Colin Powell Jill C. Wheeler    The "Breaking Barriers Series" brings us an in-depth look at the life of this American statesman from childhood to his current role as Secretary of State. Colin Powell was born on April 5, 1937, in Harlem, New York. The Powell family lived in the South Bronx along side of many different ethnic groups. As a result, Colin played with neighbor children of all colors, not knowing what a majority was. He enjoyed a happy childhood and learned the values and code of honor that he continues to live by from his family. He graduated from high school with a C average in 1954 and then attended the City College of New York. While in college, he joined ROTC and it became his focus; he made many friends and it gave him a sense of belonging. Earning straight A's in ROTC, he was named Distinguished Military Graduate of his class and graduated with a geology degree in 1958. Following graduation, he became a second lieutenant in the United States Army. He did two tours of duty in Vietnam before being selected as a White House Fellow in 1972. By this time, Colin was married with two children. His other accomplishments include serving as Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, Chairman of the Joint Chief of Staff under President George Bush, and authoring an autobiography. He is currently serving as the first African-American Secretary of State under President George W. Bush. This book provides great photographs, a timeline, glossary, index and websites for further information about this American hero. 2002, ABDO & Daughters/ABDO Publishing Company, Ages 11 to 13, $24.21. Reviewer: Michele Wilbur ISBN: 1577656385 Condoleezza Rice: Being the Best   Mary Dodson Wade    This short biography (47 pages) introduces the National Security Advisor, from her childhood in Birmingham, Alabama, to her scholarly and musical accomplishments on the way to becoming a trusted advisor of George W. Bush. All the photos but one picture the adult Rice looking confident, professional, and in charge. The single remaining photo shows her as a poised young college student at the University of Denver, yet the first dozen pages inform readers of her childhood, activities in her father's church and her family's neighborhood, plus her fast path through the elementary school years skipping two grades. This well-educated child of loving privilege rose quickly through her studies of government with one of her professors being the father of Madeleine Albright. She has earned three degrees and is the recipient of many other honors including being the first Stanford provost to be a woman, an African American, and so young. This biography stresses being prepared, working hard, getting an education, and being disciplined in your approach to your life. A time line, suggestions for further reading, and an index support readers and report writers. 2003, Millbrook, Ages 9 to 12, $23.90. Reviewer: Susan Hepler ISBN: 0-7613-2619-7 Cuba Gooding, Jr. Paula Edelson    This brief biography of a young film actor's life is part of the "Black Americans of Achievement" series. Coretta Scott King has written the introduction to the series. Gooding's achievement begins the book and is its centerpiece. At the 1997 Academy Awards ceremony, Gooding received the Oscar for best supporting actor for his role in the movie Jerry Maguire. He was only the sixth African American to receive the film industry's highest award for an acting performance in 69 years. The biography illuminates Gooding's ascent to that evening and the path his career has taken since. Emphasis is given to the actor's high personal standards regarding acting roles, and the limited number of top-quality roles written specifically for African Americans in Hollywood. Black-and-white photos illustrate. With interviews and movie reviews by others, readers learn how the actor captured movie roles and prepared for his acting assignments. Because Gooding was in a 1995 television movie about the Tuskegee Airmen, back matter includes information about the Airmen. Also included are Gooding's filmography and an essay about African-Americans and the film industry. 2000, Chelsea House Publishers, Ages 8 to 12, $9.95. Reviewer: Jacki Vawter ISBN: 0791052753 ISBN: 0791052761 Dare to Dream: Coretta Scott King and the Civil Rights Movement Angela Shelf Medearis Illustrated by Anna Rich   In this biography of civil-rights leader Coretta Scott King, Angela Shelf Medearis has captured to perfection the feeling of a small southern town, and the bewilderment of a child prevented from doing something because she was African-American. Coretta Scott King was born in Alabama in 1927. The schools she went to were segregated, the movies and restaurants and even drinking fountains were either segregated or off limits to African-Americans. The Scott family was not well off, but they owned their own farm and always had "food and fun." Her parents loved their children and wanted them to be well educated and to "try to be somebody." When Coretta Scott married Martin Luther King, Jr., she dreamed with him that some day America would be a place where any child could grow up feeling secure and free. The man was killed, but the dream lives on. This book makes it live for a new generation. 1994, Dutton, Ages 8 to 11, $13.99. Reviewer: Judy Silverman ISBN: 0-525-67426-8 Dear Mrs. Parks: A Dialogue with Today's Youth Rosa Parks with Gregory J. Reed   Since that infamous bus ride in 1955, Rosa Parks has received many letters. This book is a compilation of the letters received from children over the years. Her responses to those letters are simple, straightforward, and positive. When acknowledging injustices, Parks' words convey a positive message, empowering children to take responsibility for their lives and encouraging them to make the world a better place. Her strong belief in God also is evident. Beginning with a brief biography and introductory words from both authors, the children's letters are categorized into 5 chapters, followed by a timeline of Parks' life and her current address. The pages are interspersed with black-and-white photos and reproductions of postmarks. 1996, Lee & Low, Ages 9 up, $16.95 and $8.95. Reviewer: Mary Sue Preissner ISBN: 1880000458 ISBN: 188000061X Denzel Washington Alex Simmons   Even though this famous actor is relatively young, this biography documents many events of interest for readers. His family and educational backgrounds and his rise within the movie and television industries are followed in a clear narrative style. What makes this book special is the inclusion of Washington's personal feelings and comments throughout his story. He stresses the importance which family life has played in his own development and struggles. As part of the ongoing series this one follows the familiar pattern. Six chapters are the main focus with "Glossary," "Bibliography," and "Index" included. In addition to the chronology of the book itself, there is an "Important Dates" section summarizing his life in one page. Color photographs greet the reader every two pages, visually enhancing the writer's descriptive writing. This is an important book because it is part of a series of literature which is helping to establish positive models of people from previously ignored or even denigrated races and gender. Teachers and parents will find this a good resource for their students and children, for academic and personal reasons. Part of the "Contemporary African Americans" series. 1997, Raintree Steck-Vaughn Publishers, Ages 8 to 12, $24.26 and $7.95. Reviewer: Tina Hudak ISBN: 0-8172-3986-3 ISBN: 0-8172-6875-8 Dinner at Aunt Connie's House Faith Ringgold   Ringgold's third children's book is a story that is built on concentric rings of hope. First, Ringgold offers hope to Lonnie, an orphan newly adopted by Aunt Connie. The story is told by his cousin Melody who falls, "in love with him the first time I saws him." Not only does Ringgold sustain Lonnie with a caring cousin and the magic of immediate relationship, she fortifies him with the strong Swahili proverb, "A good tree grows among thorns." Readers get the sense that he's taken the strength to heart. During a game of hide-and-seek, Lonnie and Melody discover portraits created by their Aunt Connie. From the walls of Aunt Connie's attic gallery, twelve African-American women speak with an inspiration as strong as Ringgold's art. Ringgold introduces children to Fannie Lou Hamer, civil rights activist; sculptor Augusta Savage; actress Dorothy Dandridge, and others including well-known figures like Harriet Tubman and Sojourner Truth. All the women faced difficult situations and have an important message of hope to bring to today's children. 1996 (orig. 1993), Hyperion Child, Ages 6 up, $16.95, $14.89 and $4.95. Reviewer: Susie Wilde ISBN: 1-56282-425-2 ISBN: 1-56282-426-0 ISBN: 0-7868-1150-1 Fannie Lou Hamer: Fighting For the Right To Vote Laura Baskes Litwin    For most students today the civil rights movement in the United States during the 1960s seems like history from the distant past. This is a biography of one woman who lived through this era and who made great personal sacrifices. For intermediate and middle school readers, this account of Fannie Lou Hamer's life can bring those events and civil rights leaders of the 60s into perspective. The changes Hamer provoked enabled many to exercise the ultimate right of citizenship, the right to vote. Fannie Hamer's story begins at a church meeting when she learns about registering to vote in the Mississippi county where she lives. This comes like an epiphany and changes Hamer's life forever. Readers witness Hamer's determination, the growth of her political savvy, the setbacks and victories. One of the "African-American Biographies" series, this biography can contribute to students' historic investigations, or a study of influential women, or for satisfying an assignment to read a biography. This book would be a useful addition to school and public library collections. Access features (footnotes, further readings, Internet addresses, and index) facilitate locating information within the book and beyond this text. These features are important to readers using this book for research purposes. 2002, Enslow Publishers, Ages 9 to 13, $20.95. Reviewer: Carol J. Wolfenbarger ISBN: 0766017729 Best Books: Amelia Bloomer Project, 2003; American Library Association-SRRT; United States Fight On! Mary Church Terrell's Battle for Integration   Dennis Brindell Fradin and Judith Bloom Fradin    Inspiration, motivation and education are, at the very least, things that a person will take with them upon the conclusion of this book about the early civil rights leader who lived from 1863 to 1954, two months shy of her 91st birthday. Ms. Terrell's (Mollie, as her family called her) achievements covered the better part of sixty years; from being the first African woman appointed to the Board of Education in Washington, D.C. to helping establish the NAACP. Unflagging in her determination to end segregation, and at the age of almost ninety, she waged a campaign that ultimately ended segregationist laws in the U.S. The black and white photographs and newspaper articles found throughout the book add immensely to the tenor of the book. A marvelous biography of a true leader; it would be a spectacular resource in a prominent women or African American unit. The authors, who live in Evanston, Illinois, have collaborated on two other books: the multi award winning Ida B. Wells: Mother of the Civil Rights Movement and Bound for the North Star: True Stories of Fugitive Slaves. 2003, Clarion Books, Ages 12 up, $17.00. Reviewer: Cindy Carolan ISBN: 0-618-13349-6 A Fire in Her Bones: The Story of Mary Lyon Dorothy Schack Rosen   In the days of Mary Lyon's youth, in rural Massachusetts of the 1800's, it was a rare girl who got much schooling. But young Mary had a hunger for learning, and this is her story. It tells of a young woman whose determination and persistence, against societal odds, led her from country schoolroom to a series of teaching and administrative positions. Her journey culminated in the founding of the first women's college, Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, initially criticized as "unnatural...unfeminine, and un-Christian." Liberally sprinkled with quotes and excerpts from letters and diaries, this biography is a valuable tool for those interested in American history or in the evolving roles of women. A Notable Children's Trade Book in the Field of Social Studies. 1995, Carolrhoda, Ages 9 to 13, $15.95. Reviewer: Uma Krishnaswami ISBN: 0876148402 Frederick Douglass: Leader Against Slavery Patricia and Fredrick McKissack    This clearly and simply written revised edition of a biography of Frederick Douglass sets his life story against the backdrop of the antebellum south, the Civil War and Reconstruction. Young readers will empathize with Douglass's suffering when he is torn from his family at age eight and forced to live as a slave on a Maryland plantation. They will also admire his determination and bravery as he learns to read, rebels against slavery and eventually runs away to become a free man and an American hero. The text is liberally illustrated with black-and-white archival drawings and photographs and is supplemented with a timeline, glossary, suggested reading list and index. The book is part of the "Great African Americans" series. 2002, Enslow Publishers, Ages 6 to 8, $14.95. Reviewer: Joyce Schwartz ISBN: 076601696X Frederick Douglass: Slave, Writer, Abolitionist Brenda Haugen    Frederick Douglass is someone still deserving of admiration today. His life was filled with brutality and terror, but also filled with strength of conviction and courage. Born a slave, Douglass escaped to freedom in the North and became an icon to the anti-slavery movement until the civil war and an advocate for black rights until his death in 1895. He traveled all over the world, married twice and had five children, and was the first black man to be appointed to any sort of official government position requiring approval by Congress. In a time when more than half of the population of the United States was kept in slavery, Douglass was not ashamed to tell his story in order to bring the plight of slaves to the attention of the general populace. Lessons can still be learned from Douglass' life and his story, as well as the story of millions of other slaves, is as important now as it was 150 years ago. Hougen presents Douglass' life in a concise manner and manages to convey the horror of his life as a slave and the fear he lived under until the emancipation proclamation in a way that presents the details but does not horrify the reader overmuch. Period illustrations of Douglass, his family, and scenes from the era are included throughout. This book is part of the "Signature Lives" series. 2005, Compass Point Books, $30.60. Ages 9 to 12. Reviewer: Danielle Williams (Children's Literature). ISBN: 0756508185 Free to Dream, The Making of a Poet: Langston Hughes Audrey Osofsky   Fourteen short chapters and many black-and-white photos introduce us to the life and work of this famous American poet. The author skillfully weaves some of the actual poetry by Langston Hughes into the factual and lively text, often using quotes from his work for the chapter headings. After reading this biography, which emphasizes how Hughes developed and used his creative talents to overcome family, economic and discrimination problems and to express pride in his African American heritage, young readers may be inspired to read more of his work and perhaps to try writing their own poems. Includes notes, index, bibliography and the lyrics and music to one of his most famous poems, "Hold Fast to Dreams." 1996, Lothrop, Ages 10 up, $16.00. Reviewer: Gisela Jernigan ISBN: 0-688-106505-6 George Washington Carver Judy Monroe    As part of the series, "Fact Finders," this biography is well written and the format is certainly reader friendly. Historical photographs that add interest and support the text accompany every page. The author also includes boxes in the margins of the pages that contain either quotations or facts. Did you know that George Washington Carver always wore a fresh flower in the buttonhole of his suit or that Carver brought soybeans to the South? I was fascinated with how Carver found over 300 uses for the peanut. At least 30 products can be made from just the peanut skins. It is no wonder he has been referred to as The Peanut Man. Included at the back of the book are "Fast Facts," a "Time Line," a "Glossary," "Internet sites," "Read More" and an "Index." It amazes me how much information is given in just 32 pages. All vocabulary words that can be found in the glossary are highlighted. The quotations chosen for this book are great, but my favorite is, "Education is the key to unlock the golden door of freedom." What a great writing prompt that would be! Both boys and girls will find this biography interesting. This book would be perfect in a classroom or school library. It also lends itself to the science and social studies classroom libraries and can be used as a resource for a research paper or for nonfiction reading. I highly recommend this book because the format is easy to follow and the short chapters will benefit even reluctant readers. 2006, Capstone Press, $22.60. Ages 8 to 11. Reviewer: Danielle Williams (Children's Literature). ISBN: 0-7368-4345-0 George Washington Carver: The Peanut Scientist Patricia and Fredrick McKissack    This biography about Carver, a scientist best known for popularizing crop rotation and the peanut crop in the United States, is a rare find. Well-written biographies on great African Americans are hard to come by, and herein lay the strength of the book. The story of Carver s life, from the time he was a young boy, is well documented by the authors. The simple text and the black-and-white photographs that accompany it make this book eminently suitable for early elementary students. Like all good reference books, this one also includes a timeline, a glossary, a bibliography and a list of websites to search for more information. Teachers and librarians will find this book invaluable. 2002 (orig. 1994), Enslow, Ages 8 to 10, $14.95. Reviewer: Shalini Murthy ISBN: 0766017001 Going Back Home Toyomi Igus Pictures by Michele Wood   African American artist Woods took a journey to the South to better understand herself and her heritage. The story of her family and her personal journey are accompanied by boldly patterned and vividly colored paintings. Each painting fills a page while the text on the opposite page is set off by one of four bold border patterns. Her unusual art begs closer examination and is bound to provoke discussion. 1996, Children's Book Press, Ages 10 up, $15.95 and $21.20. Reviewer: Marilyn Courtot ISBN: 0892391375 Great African Americans in Literature Pat Rediger   From the beginning, this book with its captivating color and black and white photographs will grab your attention. Rediger has gathered together several African-American authors. Her list includes such greats as Ralph Ellison, Zora Neale Hurston, James Baldwin, Alice Walker, and Mildred Taylor. Each of these authors’ early life is discussed as well as their special achievements. Rediger mentions the obstacles each person surmounted and how their passion for writing fueled their success. Some of these short biographies include a brief description of an author’s book. The book’s format and design makes good use of sidebars and inserts and in so doing, avoids cluttered pages. Unfortunately, there is only one author in the collection who writes specifically for children. In addition, the text is written for older readers and some of the challenges that the authors faced are adult challenges. 1996, Crabtree Publishing Co., Ages 14 up, $7.95 and $18.70. Reviewer: Karen Moroughan ISBN: 0-86505-816-4 ISBN: 0-86505-802-4 Gwendolyn Brooks: Poet From Chicago   Martha E. Rhynes    Gwendolyn grew up in a happy stable family with a no-nonsense, but loving mother. They never had much money and during most of her life Gwendolyn struggled to make ends meet. It wasn't until she was about fifty that there was a real epiphany in her life. She was a speaker at a conference at Fisk University during the height of the Civil Rights movement. She was amazed at the passion that her fellow speakers aroused and she came away from the conference wanting "African Americans to love, respect and help each other." This new racial consciousness brought about changes in her writing and her life in general. Rhynes steps backwards from this pivotal moment and tells the story of Gwendolyn's life leading up to that momentous event. Gwendoyn was a shy person and yet she attended writers' conferences and was dedicated to helping young people. She was criticized for not taking a more physically active role in the Civil Rights movement, but she did lend her support through her writings and she formed a writers' group for young people. Her new goal was to portray Black life realistically. In 1968 she became the poet laureate of Illinois and in the following year she separated from her husband of thirty years. Interestingly, after four years they once again came back to each other. She began publishing with houses run by African Americans and even opened a publishing house of her own. In 1986, she was appointed the poetry consultant at the Library of Congress (now known as the U.S. poet laureate). She lead a rich life, one that helped many people, and she earned many honors prior to her death in the year 2000 at the age of eighty three. Rhynes book is a good one for those looking for a biography; it has a timeline, listing of major works, honors, index, bibliography and source notes. My only wish is that it had included some samples from her poems--so that one could get the full experience, by reading some of the earlier works mentioned, and watch her progression and change in focus and style. For students of poetry, a copy of Brooks' poems to accompany the biography may be the solution. 2003, Morgan Reynolds, Ages 10 up, $21.95. Reviewer: Marilyn Courtot ISBN: 1931798052 Gwendolyn Brooks: Poet From Chicago   Martha E. Rhynes    Gwendolyn Brooks grew up in a Chicago middle-class neighborhood where she felt unaccepted by both the black or white students because of her dark skin. This attitude affected most of her life. To compensate as a young person, she spent most of her time reading and writing. Her first poem was published in 1930 when she was 13 years old. Throughout her young life she continued to write and publish both poetry and prose. Always feeling rejected, she joined the NAACP Youth Council organized to "promote intellectual and artistic development of Chicago's black youth." For the first time she felt accepted because of her writing skills and enthusiasm. Throughout her life she was active mentally and emotionally with the civil rights movement. She married another poet and together they spent much of their lives writing and publishing their poetry. In 1949 Brooks received the Pulitzer Prize for Annie Allen. Her prestigious career included being appointed consultant in poetry to the Library of Congress, being named to National Women's Hall of Fame, and receiving the National Medal of Arts at the White House. Unfortunately the author presented Brooks' outstanding and unusual life as a series of facts and events. Few anecdotes, personal reactions or quotes can be found in the biography. Amazingly, there are no quotations from her many poems. 2003, Morgan Reynolds Publishing Inc, Ages 9 to 14, $21.95. Reviewer: T. R. Hollingsworth ISBN: 1931798052 Harriet Tubman Nancy J. Nielsen Consultant: Xiomara Santamarina    When Araminta Ross was born about 1820, no one knew the impact she would have on slavery. As a youngster, her name was changed to Harriet. Though small in stature, she sported the strength of a man. As an adult she was hired out to a man who offered her the right to buy freedom. However, before she could do so she heard she would be sold south. Her husband, John Tubman, did not want to escape north so Harriet saw no option but to go alone. Along the way the Underground Railroad helped her. Once free, Harriet began a quest to help others reach freedom and was likened to the biblical character Moses. She routed slaves to freedom in the U. S. and Canada putting her own life in jeopardy. During the Civil War she was a spy and nurse and helped slaves who worked for Union. After the war she helped older free slaves and became a suffragist seeking women's right. As part of the series "Let Freedom Ring" this biography is a must for all schools. With concise chapters, informational timeline, and added resources this book fills the National History Standards for grades 5 to 12. 2002, Bridgestone Books/Capstone Press, Ages 10 to 16, $22.60. Reviewer: Nancy Garhan Attebury ISBN: 0736810870 Harriet Tubman Martha E. H. Rustad    Part of the "First Biographies" series, the African-American heroine's life is told in simple terms and short sentences. The series clearly addresses the current emphasis on schools' standards of learning curriculum, and Harriet Tubman's life is a subject that kindergartners and first graders encounter in some school districts. Archival photos and engravings illustrate the brief text. The design is balanced with a running timeline, adding the highlights of Tubman's lifelike stations on the Underground Railroad. Internet sites, further reading and a word list comprise back matter. 2002, Capstone Press, Ages 5 to 8, $14.60. Reviewer: Candice Ransom ISBN: 073680997X Harriet Tubman: Conductor on the Underground Railroad Ann Petry   Born a slave in Dorchester County on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, Harriet Tubman often dreamed of freedom. But after risking everything to make her escape, she realized that her own freedom was not enough. Harriet wanted other slaves to experience freedom in the North and became a conductor on the Underground Railroad, devoting her life as a "Moses" to deliver hundreds out of the bondage of slavery. The book does an excellent job of portraying the human side to the legendary Tubman, detailing her life from birth to death. At the end of each chapter, other significant events pertaining to slavery during the time period in Harriet's life are explained in italics. The index makes the book a good reference, while the writing style makes it a good read. This is a thrilling biography. 1996 (orig. 1955), HarperTrophy, Ages 12 up, $4.50. Reviewer: Tim Whitney ISBN: 0064461815 Ida B. Wells-Barnett: A Voice Against Violence Patricia and Fredrick McKissack    Ida B. Wells-Barnett was born three years before the Civil War ended, but still had to live through very turbulent times in the southern states. She was lucky enough to be able to receive a full education and to enjoy some of the freedoms that were granted African-Americans after the Civil War. But she also endured the hardships that were enacted under Jim Crow laws in the south. Wells-Barnett was a very intelligent woman, and she worked hard to educate others. For a short time she was a teacher, but after witnessing and suffering discrimination, she began to work to get laws passed that would protect the rights of all citizens of the United States. She lectured about violence that African-Americans faced, and she also worked for women's suffrage. Wells-Barnett lived a full and eventful life, marrying and giving birth to seven children while still working hard for causes she believed in. The McKissacks provide a heady glimpse at a strong and courageous woman. Easy to read and fully illustrated with pictures from Wells-Barnett times, as well as several portraits, the book also includes a timeline, a glossary, sources to consult for more information and an index. Part of the "Great African-Americans" series. 2001, Enslow Publishers, Ages 7 to 10, $14.95. Reviewer: Danielle Williams ISBN: 0766016773 Awards, Honors, Prizes: Society of School Librarians International Book Awards Honor 2001 Social Studies: K-6 United States Ida B. Wells: Mother of the Civil Rights Movement Dennis Brindell Fradin and Judith Bloom Fradin    For many Americans the name Ida B. Wells is little known. Yet, as this admirable biography explains, Ida B. Wells was one of the leading lights in the American Civil Rights Movement. Born as a child of southern slaves, Ida came of age in a nation that paid at most lip service to democracy as applied to African-Americans. As a young woman Ida learned first hand that she could be bodily thrown off a train for sitting in a forbidden "whites only" section. Bravely, Ida chose to challenge that act of discrimination in a monumental court case. Unfortunately, Ida's efforts to address her own experiences in court ended in defeat. However, in an effort to find a way to support her five younger siblings after their parents' death, Ida turned to journalism. In this field Ida made a name not only for herself but also for the rights of African-Americans at large. Over a more than forty-year period Ida wrote in defense of human rights. Her particular focus was the horror of lynching, which erupted across America from 1890 on. At a time when innocent African-Americans could be shot, hanged, burned, or tortured to death while thousands of whites cheered, it took a brave spirit to oppose such brutality. Ida took up that challenge and, at the risk of her own life, wrote about the reality of American "lynch law." In addition to working to bring an end to lynching, Ida also took a stand for women's' suffrage, an end to segregation, and voting reform. For over thirty years Ida became a national figure. She also was a dynamic beacon for reform in her newly adopted hometown of Chicago. A brave-hearted person, loving mother, and political activist, Ida B. Wells stands out as one of the most dynamic women in American history. It is a sad fact that historians have generally overlooked her great efforts. This capably written and amply illustrated biography does well to outline the life of this fascinating and compelling person. 2000, Clarion Books, Ages 12 up, $18.00. Reviewer: Greg M. Romaneck ISBN: 0395898986 Best Books: Best Books for Young Adults, 2001; American Library Association-YALSA; United States The Best Children's Books of the Year, 2001; Bank Street College of Education; United States Capitol Choices, 2000; The Capitol Choices Committee; United States Children's Books of Distinction, 2001; Riverbank Review; United States Children's Catalog, Eighteenth Edition, 2001; H.W. Wilson; United States The Children's Literature Choice List, 2001; Children's Literature; United States Editors' Choice: Books for Youth, 2000; American Library Association-Booklist; United States Notable Books for Children, 2001; American Library Association-ALSC; United States Middle And Junior High School Library Catalog, Supplement to the Eighth Edition, 2001; H.W. Wilson; United States Not Just for Children Any More, 2001; Children's Book Council; United States Notable Social Studies Trade Books for Young People, 2001; National Council for the Social Studies; United States School Library Journal Book Review Stars, April 2000; Cahners; United States School Library Journal: Best Books, 2000; Cahners; United States Senior High School Library Catalog, Sixteenth Edition, 2002; H.W. Wilson; United States Awards, Honors, Prizes: Flora Stieglitz Straus Award Winner 2000 Nonfiction United States Society of School Librarians International Book Awards Honor 2000 Social Studies - Novels, Grades 7 - 12 United States State and Provincial Reading Lists: Kentucky Bluegrass Award, 2003; Kentucky Maine Student Book Award, 2001-2002; Maine I Have a Dream: An Illustrated Edition Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Paintings by Fifteen Coretta Scott King Award and Honor Book Artists Foreword by Coretta Scott King   Dr. King's moving speech is peacefully rendered here by a special group of artists. Each of these artists have previously won the coveted Coretta Scott King Award. This award recognizes the gifts that African American authors and illustrators give via there art. But the illustrations are only half of the story. They are woven, warp and weft, within the fabric of Dr. King's speech from August of 1963. With this book, we can hear the words and see the dream with fresh eyes for this is a beautifully rich volume, from its luxurious end-pages, to it's back matter. Each illustration captures the spirit of Dr. King's message. The illustrations and text call for our memories of yesterday, the possibilities for today, and a hope for a not-too-distant tomorrow. The volume ends with a tribute's to Dr. King. The end matter includes a photograph of Dr. King, a short biography, and signed descriptions of each artist's work. 1997, Scholastic Press, Ages 11 up, $16.95. Reviewer: Karen Moroughan ISBN: 0-590-20516-1 Jackie Robinson   Don McLeese    When Robinson first joined the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947, he broke the traditional color barrier that had prevented African-American players from becoming members of big league baseball teams. This action took tremendous courage, because many fans and ballplayers were extremely prejudiced against black people. Pitchers threw balls at his head, and he was called disrespectful names, but he kept his dignity and never fought back. He became the National League's Most Valuable Player in 1949 and was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame. He was born in 1919, the son of a Georgia farmer and grandson of a slave. He was an outstanding school athlete, starring in baseball, football, basketball, and track, and won a scholarship to UCLA. After serving in the Army during World War II, he began his baseball career in the segregated Negro League as an outstanding hitter, fielder, and runner. Subsequently, he opened the doors of baseball's major leagues to African-American and Hispanic players. The simple, authoritative text is illustrated by good black and white full-page photographs. It includes an index, reading list, glossary, time line, and website and is part of the "Equal Rights Leaders" series. 2003, Rourke, Ages 6 to 8, $19.27. Reviewer: Patricia Dole ISBN: 1-58952-288-5 Jackie Robinson Jonatha A. Brow    It is amazing when we look back on the silliness that we were involved in, calling people ugly names because of the color of their skin, refusing to play baseball because the opposing team had a black player and sitting in the back of the bus. To this day I don't sit in the back of the bus. In spite of these drawbacks Jackie Robinson rose above the fray and became a great professional baseball player. The author has presented the trials and tribulations that Jackie endured as a child and the insults and loneliness that he initially experienced when Branch Rickey hired him to play for the Brooklyn Dodgers. This is part of the "People to Know" series. 2005, Weekly Readers Early Learning Library, $19.33. Ages 7 to 9. Reviewer: Leila Toledo (Children's Literature) ISBN: 0-8368-4311-8 ISBN: 0-8368-4318-5 Jackie Robinson Joshua E. Hanft Illustrations by Pablo Marcos    The totality of African American Jackie Robinson's life is captured in this biography about the talented athlete who became a pivotal figure in bringing opportunities for black athletes today. He made strides in the areas of race and civil rights despite encountering hatred and prejudice throughout his days. This title, one of the "Heroes of America" series reflects all of the characteristics required to qualify as a hero including courage, determination, persistence, integrity, commitment, and excellence. Each chapter echoes the influence of those who encouraged Jackie to excel--his devoted mother Mallie, brothers Mack, Edgar, and Frank who served as models, Pastor Downs, girlfriend and future wife Rachel who endured the abuse of fans at the games, his children, and Brooklyn Dodgers Manager Branch Rickey, who dared to break the color line that kept African Americans out of organized ball. Young readers will learn that Jackie Robinson was the greatest-all around athlete in the history of UCLA, lettering in basketball, football, track, and baseball. At the end of his first season for the Brooklyn Dodgers, he was named Rookie of the Year. He brought with him the art of Negro League base running and added a new dimension of stealing bases to the majors by distracting the pitcher. Two years later he earned Most Valuable Player in the National League with his lightning-bolt running/steals, leading hitter stats, and RBIs. Despite winning the pennant six times, only once did he earn a World Series ring, finally defeating the Yankees. In 1962 he was inducted into baseball's Hall of Fame. Life after baseball brought a new focus--managing a restaurant chain, campaigning with presidential candidates, and involvement in the civil rights movement. This quick read allows readers to catch a glimpse of character development, self-control, sacrifice, physical and emotional strength. Interspersed throughout the book are ink figure drawings that reflect the energy and dynamics of the athlete's life. Captions include sentences with capital letters on all words except connecting words (and, or, the, as, a) and set poor examples for readers/writers. There is a problem with the library binding in that the gutter is too deep and does not allow the inside words on the page to be viewed easily. 2005 (orig. 1990), ABDO, $21.35. Ages 9 to 14. Reviewer: Barbara Troisi (Children's Literature). ISBN: 1596792590 Jackie Robinson Lucia Raatma    On April 15, 1947 an amazing event transpired at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn. On that date Jackie Robinson played a baseball game for the Brooklyn Dodgers. While that fact is rather mundane it becomes noteworthy when one considers that Jackie Robinson was an African-American. Indeed, Jackie Robinson was the first member of his race to break the "color line" and participate in a modern major league baseball game. This pioneering endeavor was not without risk. During his first season in the majors Jackie Robinson faced frequent abuse and threats. However, despite the abuse heaped upon him, Mr. Robinson maintained his composure and set the stage for the integration of professional sports. Jackie Robinson's story of sacrifice and excellence is related in this outstanding illustrated biography. Lucia Raatma provides a vivid recounting of Jackie Robinson's contributions and his life. Readers will come away form this fine book with a deeper understanding not only of Jackie Robinson's experiences but also of the importance of his efforts to the broader movement for civil rights. Part of the "Trailblazers of the Modern World" series. 2002, World Almanac Library, Ages 10 to 14, $26.60. Reviewer: Greg M. Romaneck ISBN: 0836850726 Jackie Robinson: Strong Inside and Out The editors of Time for Kids and Denise Lewis Patrick    Jackie Robinson, the first African-American to play major league baseball in the 20th century, remains one of the true iconic figures in American history. His shattering of baseball's color line with the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947 presaged an end to Jim Crow racial restrictions and the beginning of America's civil rights movement. Robinson overcame jeers, racial taunts, prejudice and decades of ingrained stereotypes while proving that a black man could compete with and excel against white athletes. His contribution to American society is nearly incalculable. This book clearly details Robinson's life and accomplishments, with a quick pace, snappy graphics and excellent photographs. The author is also to be commended for not shying away from writing about segregation and racism--two crucial elements of the Jackie Robinson story. However, the book suffers from providing almost too much information. For example, there is a sidebar on the early rules of baseball and Roberto Clemente, who played against Robinson for only two years in the 1950s, both subjects seem out of place here. In addition, the author does not accurately discuss the Negro leagues--the only place African-Americans could play pro ball before Robinson's 1947 debut. She fails to mention that there were several Negro baseball leagues in 1945, when Robinson played segregated black baseball. These shortcomings aside, this is an admirable book that can be a valuable part of schools' and libraries' Black History Month celebrations. 2005, HarperCollins Publishers Inc, $14.99. Ages 7 to 9. Reviewer: Bruce Adelson, J.D. (Children's Literature). ISBN: 0-06-057601-4 ISBN: 0-06-057600-6 James Beckwourth: Legendary Mountain Man Ann S. Manheimer    The life of James Beckwourth was one filled with adventure, drama, loss, and regret. Born to parents who were a black slave woman and her owner, Beckwourth was emancipated and headed out into the American West to make his fortune. Once there, Beckwourth met legendary mountain men, fought and was befriended by Native Americans, involved himself in warfare, hunted buffalo, and was part of an overblown but memorable biographical writing project. In this illustrated biography author Ann S. Manheimer does a fine job of detailing the life of this colorful figure in the history of the American West. In describing this fascinating man's life the author does a fine job of outlining Beckwourth's strengths and weaknesses. For example, Beckwourth is positively defined in terms of his evenhandedness in his work with the Plains Indians. Conversely, Beckwourth is also presented as a man whose impulsive decision-making left some of his closest friends and relatives embittered or broken. Thus, because of the fair and balanced way in which this biography is constructed, it is a book that will assist readers in understanding this multi-faceted personality. 2006, Twenty-First Century Books, $27.93. Ages 12 up. Reviewer: Greg M. Romaneck (Children's Literature). ISBN: 978-1-57505-892-4 ISBN: 1-57505-892-8 James Beckwourth: Mountaineer, Scout and Pioneer Susan R. Gregson    During the eighteenth century a small cadre of adventuresome spirits headed into the American West. These wanderers moved through the Great Plains and high country of the seemingly endless expanse of that wild land. One of these westerners in search of themselves was James Beckwourth. Born the son of a black slave woman and her white owner, Beckwourth came to be one of the best known "Mountain Men" of this legendary era. Beckwourth's life and times are ably chronicled in this illustrated biography. Author Susan R. Gregson offers Beckwourth to readers not only as a mythical figure of a romanticized age, but also as a human being with strengths and flaws. Indeed, this fine historical biography begins with Beckwourth's reluctant involvement in the dreadful massacre of peaceful Cheyennes at Sand Creek in 1864. Beckwourth always regretted this event and attempted to resurrect his friendship with the Plains Indians afterwards. Sadly, he was unsuccessful in this endeavor as he was in several other areas of his life. However, in reading this fast-paced biography younger readers will learn about a memorable figure in American history and the time in which he lived. 2006, Compass Point Books, $30.60. Ages 10 to 14. Reviewer: Greg M. Romaneck (Children's Literature). ISBN: 0-7565-1000-7 Jerry Rice: Speedy Wide Receiver Thomas Owens   If there ever was a super hero on the football field, it is Jerry Rice. This man of steel has and will continue to break records never thought to be able to be broken. Rice, a wide receiver for the San Francisco 49ers, has built a hero's career following his beginning in a poor but happy family in Mississippi. This son of a bricklayer used his speed to catch horses to ride to school. His only alternative was to run the five-mile trip. An attempt to run from school in the middle of the day led to his football career. He was fast, but not fast enough to escape the principal that day. He was given a choice: punishment or join the school's football team. He has never regretted his choice and neither has the sporting public. Photographs from the games are attractive and well laid out. A glossary and pronunciation guide allow the early reader to feel successful while reading. Part of the "Sports Greats" series. 1997, Rosen Publishing Group, Ages 7 up, $15.95. Reviewer: Scott S. Floyd ISBN: 0-8239-5093-X Jesse Owens: Olympic Star Patricia and Fredrick McKissack    With its large print, many black-and-white photos and picture book format, this biography of Jesse Owens can be read by young and/or reluctant readers. The five brief chapters cover his childhood, teen and college sports, the Berlin Olympics and his life after the Olympics, when, for a time he was "the most famous person in the entire world." Although necessarily brief and simplified, the authors tend to emphasize the social implications of Jesse Owens' life and accomplishments. While laudatory and upbeat, the book does not ignore the more sad or controversial aspects of his life. This revised edition of the 1992 book is part of the "Great African Americans" series. 2001 (orig. 1992), Enslow, Ages 6 to 10, $14.95. Reviewer: Gisela Jernigan ISBN: 0766016811 Jesse Owens: Track-and-field Champion Judy Monroe    This biography introduces the African-American track and field champion and his triumphant career in the 1930s. In addition, it points out how Owens later used this success to help others succeed in athletics. The good selection of black and white photos spans Owens' life, is fully captioned and set against colorful text pages lends authority to the text. In addition, a "Fast Facts" section gives readers vital statistics, education, and major awards. The text ends with a timeline, glossary, internet sites, recently-published books for further reading, and an index. This title, like the others in the "Fact Finders" biography series, features carefully-controlled vocabulary, short and direct sentences, photos that match the text to aid in comprehension, and an uncomplicated design. 2005, Capstone Press, $22.60. Ages 7 to 10. Reviewer: Susan Hepler, Ph.D. (Children's Literature). ISBN: 0-7368-3744-2 Joe Louis: America's Fighter David A. Adler Illustrated by Terry Widener    Adler succinctly summarizes the life of the boxing champion who became a hero not only for African-Americans but, finally, to all Americans. After a hard-working childhood, Louis found satisfaction and then eventual success as a boxer. Nicknamed "the Brown Bomber," Louis brought hope to African-Americans with his successes during the Depression years. At first white fans were not cheering a black fighter. Louis had lost to Max Schmeling of Nazi Germany in 1936, but he was cheered by white as well as black Americans when he finally knocked Schmeling out in 1938. After joining the army, he boxed again after the war and retired as world champion in 1949. An attempt at a comeback was not a success, but he remained an American hero until his death in 1981. Widener uses acrylics to produce naturalistic scenes which stylistically suggest sculptured figures. There is a strong sense of design in both the city and the boxing illustrations. The picture of a referee calling Louis out, standing over the boxer with wide-spread arms and legs, stirs emotion very effectively. It contrasts with a later scene where Louis is on his knees as the standing referee raises his arm. The strength of the images parallels that of the text. There is a timeline and added notes by the author. 2005, Gulliver Books/Harcourt, $16.00. Ages 6 to 9. Reviewer: Ken Marantz and Sylvia Marantz (Children's Literature). ISBN: 0-1521-6480-4 John Lewis: From Freedom Rider to Congressman Christine M. Hill    As a young adult John Lewis found out what it really meant to take a stand on principles he believed in. While participating in a peaceful civil rights march in Alabama, his home state, Lewis was badly beaten by state troopers. John was born in 1940 to poor sharecroppers. John loved school and was the first person in his family to graduate from high school. John became interested in the Civil Rights movement when he attended college. He met Dr. Martin Luther King and began to attend classes to learn about nonviolent protest and resistance. Against his parents' wishes, John proudly participated in sit-ins and began to instruct other students in these methods. John continued his activism and channeled his energies into being a voting rights activist, and later became active in politics. In 1989 John Lewis became a U.S. Congressman and an "authentic American hero." This volume in the "African-American Biographies" series by Enslow presents a comprehensive view of the life and times of John Lewis. The chapter book includes many black and white photos of Lewis and other important people and events of these turbulent times. Endnotes include a chronology, chapter notes, further reading, Internet sites and an index. This book is an important resource for school libraries, classrooms and family libraries. 2002, Enslow Publishing, Ages 9 to 12, $20.95. Reviewer: Sue Reichard ISBN: 0766017680 Julian Bond: Civil Rights Activist and Chairman Of The NAACP Denise M. Jordan    This latest addition to the "African American Biographies" series covers the contributions and life of civil rights activist and chairman of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Julian Bond. Beginning with his birth into a family of educators, Julian's life unfolds for the reader. Julian was influenced by his parents and the prominent people who visited the Bond home, such as W. E. B. DuBois. Julian's politics and philosophies began to form and evolve through his adolescence and young adulthood. He founded the Committee on Appeal for Human Rights while he was in college. The segregated South worked as a constant catalyst for Julian and his causes. Bond's contributions to his state of Georgia grew when he was elected to the House of Representatives. Bond also has the distinction of being the first African American to be nominated for Vice President of the United States. Unfortunately, he was too young to hold this position but it was a great honor for him. Endnotes include a timeline of his life, chapter notes, further reading and Internet addresses for more information about this important individual who has done so much for civil rights. It is also an important addition as a classroom resource. 2001, Enslow, Ages 10 up , $20.95. Reviewer: Sue Reichard ISBN: 0766015491 Kweisi Mfume: Congressman and NAACP Leader M. Elizabeth Paterra    This biography of an honored civil rights leader is synonymous with the struggle, triumph and equal rights issues for minorities that continue today. Frizzel Gray had a happy childhood, aside from his abusive stepfather and his attraction to life on the streets. But this facet of life encouraged him to turn his life around and enter the world of politics. All too often, young children growing up in single parent homes are victims of violence and grief. In most cases, single mothers take on both parental roles, which creates an "invisible man." Frizzel Gray is a person I like to call the "visible man;" this became apparent when at age sixteen, he struggled to take care of his four sisters after his mother passed away--a woman who had instilled value, courage and the importance of an education. Frizzel changed his name to Kwiesi Mfume after returning from Ghana, as a way, he said, "to embrace his African heritage." After leading the National Black Caucus and winning the Mayoral race in Baltimore, Kweisi Mfume assumed leadership of the NAACP, with its tarnished reputation and three million-dollar debt. He raised one million dollars in donations and began to solve problems within the NAACP. This biography features sentimental black-and-white photography. Each chapter represents a significant period of Kweisi Mfume's life. The book includes a chronology of his life, chapter notes that reflect the author's research, and a glossary. It is part of the "African-American Biographies" series. 2001, Glow Productions, Ages 12 up, $20.95. Reviewer: D. K. Jones ISBN: 0766012379 Langston Hughes Lucia Raatma    In this book, the author takes on the challenge of describing a rather troubled life to young people. Hughes' childhood was plagued by an angry father who deserted the family and moved to Mexico and a mother who was unable to maintain a steady relationship. They moved a lot and he ended up living with his grandmother and going to an all-white school, where he excelled. The racism that Hughes faced in his life is a sign of the times in which he lived--racism so intense it caused him to quit Columbia University. There is much about this book that will or should require outside discussion. It is well researched and provides a lot of facts that would be useful in discussion about the Civil Rights or black literature. It also does a good job describing the issues of white patronage that was a common theme for black artists during the Harlem Renaissance. Unlike some of the other books in The Child's World "Journey to Freedom: The African American Library" series, the Web links provided from The Child's World Web site are not particularly useful, especially the one to The New York Times, for which you must sign in to use, and then it only offers a free search of information from the past two weeks. A good reference book with an excellent index and good glossary. 2002, Child's World, Ages 8 to 12, $25.64. Reviewer: Sarah Seage ISBN: 1567666477 Lorraine Hansberry: Award-Winning Playwright and Civil Rights Activist Susan Sinnott Foreword by Thulani Davis    This well written biography illuminates Lorraine Hansberry's brief but accomplished life. The playwright used her writing and speaking talents to promote civil rights in this country before intestinal cancer took her life at age 34. The youngest of four children in a middle class black family in Chicago, Lorraine grew up in an activist household. Her father, Carl, was the named plaintiff in a lawsuit challenging racial discrimination in Chicago housing practices. Although he eventually won the suit in the U.S. Supreme Court, the victory was a hollow one. The Hansberrys discovered that changing the law and changing public attitude were two very different things. This episode left its scars on Lorraine, who then dedicated herself to improving society for black people. She worked hard, enjoyed success briefly and then her bright flame burned out. The world should mourn its loss. 1999, Conari Press, Ages 12 to 18, $6.95. Reviewer: Jeanne K. Pettenati ISBN: 1573240931 Madam C.J. Walker Katherine Krohn    As part of the series, "Fact Finders," this biography is well written and the format is certainly reader friendly. Historical photographs that add interest and support the text accompany every page. The author also includes boxes in the margins of the pages that contain either quotations or facts. Did you know that in 1998, the U. S. Postal Service honored Walker on a postage stamp? This biography demonstrates what an amazingly strong individual she was. The author selects her words well in describing his life and brings interest and energy to each page. This biography covers all the important turning points for Madam Walker and shows how her life changed throughout the years. Included at the back of the book are "Fast Facts," a "Time Line," a "Glossary," "Internet sites," "Read More" and an "Index." All vocabulary words that can be found in the glossary are highlighted. It amazes me how much information is given in just 32 pages. The quotations chosen for this book are great, but my favorite is, "If I have accomplished anything in life, it is because I have been willing to work hard." What a great writing prompt that would be! Both boys and girls will find this biography interesting. It would be perfect in a classroom or school library. It can be used as a resource for a research paper or for nonfiction reading. I highly recommend this book because the format is easy to follow and the short chapters will benefit even reluctant readers. 2006, Capstone Press, $22.60. Ages 8 to 11. Reviewer: Kathie M. Josephs (Children's Literature). ISBN: 0-7368-4346-9 Mae Jemison: Out of This World   Corinne J. Naden and Rose Blue    This short biography (48 pages) chronicles the life of the first African-American woman in space in 1992. Text focuses on her adult life, the science training she accomplished, including two majors in college (chemical engineering and Afro-American studies), a medical degree from Cornell, a stint in Kenya as a volunteer, in the Peace Corps in Africa, and finally her acceptance into the space program in NASA for another five years of training. The book conveys as much information on the space program as it does on Jemison and some pictures depict space gear, others Jemison in various professional roles. The former astronaut is now active in "making the world a better place" through her many activities and contacts. Report writers are assisted by a timeline, an index, several websites for further information, and a bibliography in this useful and inspirational biography. 2003, Millbrook, Ages 9 to 14, $23.90. Reviewer: Susan Hepler ISBN: 0-7613-2570-0 Malcolm X Kristin Thoennes Keller    As part of the series, "Fact Finders," this biography is well written and the format is certainly reader friendly. Historical photographs that add interest and support the text accompany every page. The author also includes boxes in the margins of the pages that contain either quotations or facts. Did you know that Malcom believed that he had no choice for himself but a life of crime? His very controversial life is portrayed in this biography and as a reader I was left thinking much about this man whose life began and ended with tragedy. The author selects her words well in describing his life and brings interest and energy to each page. This biography covers all the important turning points for Malcom X and shows how his life changed throughout the years. Included at the back of the book are "Fast Facts," a "Time Line," a "Glossary," "Internet sites," "Read More" and an "Index." All vocabulary words that can be found in the glossary are highlighted. It amazes me how much information is given in just 32 pages. The quotations chosen for this book are great, but my favorite is, "I could spend the rest of my life reading, just satisfying my curiosity." What a great writing prompt that would be! Both boys and girls will find this biography interesting. It would be perfect in a classroom or school library. It can be used as a resource for a research paper or for nonfiction reading. I highly recommend this book because the format is easy to follow and the short chapters will benefit even reluctant readers. 2006, Capstone Press, $22.60. Ages 8 to 11. Reviewer: Kathie M. Josephs (Children's Literature). ISBN: 0736843477 Marian Anderson Eric Braun    Author Braun has presented a compact version of Marion Anderson's life and career. The text includes a time line, a glossary of definitions and additional resources available on this singers life story. The major events of Anderson's life are included--from her childhood through her adult life. There is mention of Anderson's attempt sing at Constitution Hall in Washington, D.C. which was not allowed because she was black. To expand on this, it would have been appropriate to mention that the President's wife, Eleanor Roosevelt, interceded and arranged for her to sing at the Lincoln Memorial. This title is part of the Pebble Books' "First Biographies" series. 2006, Capstone Press, $15.93. Ages 5 to 7. Leila Toledo (Children's Literature). ISBN: 0-7368-4232-2 Marian Anderson Anne Tedards   This is a biography of the well-known opera and concert singer who, among other achievements, was the first black soloist to sing at the White House and to perform with the Metropolitan Opera Company. She served as a delegate to the United Nations, sang at the inauguration of Presidents Eisenhower and Kennedy, and received numerous awards and degrees. Her struggle against prejudice to become one of the great opera performers of the century serves as a model for all. 1988, Chelsea House, Ages 12 up, $17.95 and $9.95. Reviewer: Marilyn Courtot ISBN: 1555466389 Maritcha: A Nineteenth-Century American Girl Tonya Bolden    Several years ago, the eighty-one-page memoir of Maritcha Lyons was brought to the attention of the author while she was researching another project at the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture. Both the author and her subject had grown up in Manhattan, although Maritcha was born in 1848 so her experiences growing up as a black girl in a predominantly white society were often shadowed by racism and denial. The author immediately felt a kinship with the girl and decided to write about this child, a freeborn black, who proudly stood up to those denials. Maritcha's father had urged her to write a book and that resulted in her reflecting upon her family history and writing the memoir. Unfortunately, she never kept a diary as a girl, so some of her childhood experiences, as presented in this book, are educated assumptions about how a child would live in that environment in those years. However, there are also many facts about her impressive family and the history of the area. Photographs and drawings add to the story of a young woman who knew the barriers placed in her way were meant to be removed. 2005, Harry N Abrams, $17.95. Ages 8 up. Reviewer: Carolyn Mott Ford (Children's Literature). Honors and Awards Coretta Scott King (Author) Honor Book, 2006; United States Best Books: Booklist Book Review Stars , Feb. 1, 2005; United States Children's Catalog, Eighteenth Edition, Supplement, 2005; H. W. Wilson; United States The Children's Literature Choice List, 2005; Children's Literature; United States Middle and Junior High School Library Catalog, Ninth Edition, 2005; H.W. Wilson; United States School Library Journal Book Review Stars, February 2005; Cahners; United States SLJ Best Books, 2005; Cahners; United States ISBN: 0810950456 Martin's Big Words: The Life of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Doreen Rappaport Illustrations by Bryan Collier    Beautiful it its simplicity, this small biography of Martin Luther King shines forth. Rappaport's text portrays King's childhood in two pages with his discovery that in spite of the "whites only" signs, his mother's words that "You are as good as anyone" would sustain him. When he sang hymns and read from the Bible in church, he vowed that he would grow up to "get big words." His career as a minister, being influenced by Gandhi, participation in the Montgomery Bus Boycott and subsequent civil rights marches, winning the Nobel Peace Prize, threats to his family and his death are touched upon. Each short paragraph ends with a memorable quote relevant to the subject of the page and many are familiar to adult readers. Instead of drawing from the "I have a dream" speech the quote about judging people by the content of their character, the author has selected--"I have a dream that one day in Alabama little black boys and black girls will join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers." It is more accessible to the intended audience, if less ringing and memorable to the adult reader. Collier's stunning collage and bold watercolor illustrations are layered with meanings, textures, light and shadow. Stained glass windows, which appear in many of the illustrations, serve multiple symbolic purposes including providing light and a way of looking past where you are, says the illustrator in a front note. This is obviously a work of great care and love for the subject, a fine introduction and a fitting tribute to the Dr. King and his work. A chronology of important dates includes 1986 when Dr. King's birthday became a national holiday, and a fine selection of additional readings and web sites are suggested. 2001, Jump at the Sun/Hyperion, Ages 4 to 9, $16.49 and $15.99. Reviewer: Susan Hepler ISBN: 0786807148 ISBN: 078682591X Best Books: The Best Children's Books of the Year, 2002; Bank Street College of Education; United States Books About Relationships and Community-Building, 2002; Children's Book Council; United States Bulletin Blue Ribbons, 2001; Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books; United States Capitol Choices, 2001; The Capitol Choices Committee; United States Children's Books of Distinction, 2002; Riverbank Review; United States Children's Catalog, Eighteenth Edition, Supplement, 2002; H.W. Wilson; United States Children's Choices, 2002; International Reading Association; United States Editors' Choice: Books for Youth, 2001; American Library Association-Booklist; United States New York Times Notable Books, 2001; New York Times; United States Notable Books for Children, 2002; American Library Association-ALSC; United States Notable Social Studies Trade Books for Young Readers, 2002; National Council for the Social Studies; United States School Library Journal Book Review Stars, October 2001; Cahners; United States School Library Journal: Best Books, 2001; Cahners; United States Teachers' Choices, 2002; International Reading Association; United States Awards, Honors, Prizes: ABC Children's Booksellers Choices Award Winner 2002 Non-Fiction United States Coretta Scott King Awards Honor Book 2002 Illustrator United States Jane Addams Book Award Winner 2002 Picture Book United States New York Times Best Illustrated Children's Books of the Year Winner 2001 United States Orbis Pictus Award for Outstanding Nonfiction for Children Honor 2002 United States Randolph Caldecott Medal Honor Book 2002 United States State and Provincial Reading Lists: Black-Eyed Susan Book Award Nominees, 2003; Maryland Kentucky Bluegrass Award, 2003; Kentucky Martin's Big Words: The Life of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Doreen Rappaport Illustrations by Bryan Collier    Yes, there have been a million biographies of Martin Luther King, Jr., but there's something special about Doreen Rappaport and Bryan Collier's Martin's Big Words: The Life of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. This year it deservedly won both Coretta Scott King and Newberry honor awards. The uniqueness of this book is apparent before you ever open it; the cover bears only a large, smiling, monochromatic illustration of Martin Luther King. The title, author and illustrator are on the back. Opening to the end flaps, one sees the thoughtfulness, artistry and intriguing contrast of brightness and monochromes in Collier's stained glass window collage. His illustrations continue to compel readers through the book. The text begins with notes by author and illustrator. Rappaport notes that she was inspired by King's words, which were simple and direct, yet profound and poetic. Collier explains his use of stained glass as metaphors that blaze out at you like beams of light. The multicolors symbolize multi races...and allow you to look past where you are. The book's combination of text, layout and illustrations has a powerful emotional impact. Rappaport's spare style and prosaic words serve as a background to highlight King's quotations. These appear on every page, emphasized with color and size. Quotations like, "Hate cannot drive out hate. Only love can do that," could be read alone to show King's life, message and legacy. Rappaport's rhythmic, simplistic statements seem inspired by King's rousing sermons and are a tribute to both the man and his vision. 2001, Hyperion, Ages 5 up, $15.99. Reviewer: Susie Wilde ISBN: 0786807148 ISBN: 078682591X Best Books: The Best Children's Books of the Year, 2002; Bank Street College of Education; United States Books About Relationships and Community-Building, 2002; Children's Book Council; United States Bulletin Blue Ribbons, 2001; Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books; United States Capitol Choices, 2001; The Capitol Choices Committee; United States Children's Books of Distinction, 2002; Riverbank Review; United States Children's Catalog, Eighteenth Edition, Supplement, 2002; H.W. Wilson; United States Children's Choices, 2002; International Reading Association; United States Editors' Choice: Books for Youth, 2001; American Library Association-Booklist; United States New York Times Notable Books, 2001; New York Times; United States Notable Books for Children, 2002; American Library Association-ALSC; United States Notable Social Studies Trade Books for Young Readers, 2002; National Council for the Social Studies; United States School Library Journal Book Review Stars, October 2001; Cahners; United States School Library Journal: Best Books, 2001; Cahners; United States Teachers' Choices, 2002; International Reading Association; United States Awards, Honors, Prizes: ABC Children's Booksellers Choices Award Winner 2002 Non-Fiction United States Coretta Scott King Awards Honor Book 2002 Illustrator United States Jane Addams Book Award Winner 2002 Picture Book United States New York Times Best Illustrated Children's Books of the Year Winner 2001 United States Orbis Pictus Award for Outstanding Nonfiction for Children Honor 2002 United States Randolph Caldecott Medal Honor Book 2002 United States State and Provincial Reading Lists: Black-Eyed Susan Book Award Nominees, 2003; Maryland Kentucky Bluegrass Award, 2003; Kentucky Martin Luther King, Jr. Don McLeese    An introductory section describing the reasons for Dr. King's work for African-American civil rights and his nonviolent methods is followed by biographical material concerning his parental background, his brilliance as a student, and his choice of the ministry as his life's work, following in the footsteps of his father and grandfather. After receiving his doctoral degree at Brown University, Dr. King married Coretta Scott and began his campaign to inspire Americans through speeches, protest rallies, marches, and boycotts to end discrimination. Although he was jailed and his house bombed, he never responded with violence but continued bravely on his mission. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize and honored by President Lyndon Johnson. At age 39 he was assassinated. His birthday is now a national holiday. This brief but capable biography is clearly written, set in large type, and illustrated by full page black and white photographs. An index, time line, reading list, glossary, and websites are included. It is part of the "Equal Rights Leaders" series. 200s, Rourke, Ages 6 to 8, $19.27. Reviewer: Patricia Dole ISBN: 1-58952-286-9 Martin Luther King, Jr. Pamela Walker    Part of the "Welcome Books Real People" line, Martin Luther King Jr. is one of six titles that introduces the youngest readers to biographies. This is a nicely designed series that features an African-American who is celebrated each January and throughout the year for his civil rights activities. The 24-page format and small, square trim size make the books easy for little hands to hold. The text is consistently placed. One or two sentences in large, plain type face the bleed-to-the-edge photographs or full-color art. The illustrations reinforce the narrative rather than enhance. Emergent readers can choose from a variety of multicultural personalities and historical figures. Each title has seven sections. The first three are devoted to the subject's life. "New Words" defines words outside the controlled vocabulary. "To Find Out More" lists further reading and web sites. The last page consists of the index and professional references. The "Real People" series has one flaw. Readers who can decode words like "African-Americans" deserve meatier material than, for example, "many people liked his speeches." 2001, Children's Press, Ages 4 to 7, $13.50. Reviewer: Candice Ransom ISBN: 0516234366 ISBN: 0516235907 Mary Carter Smith: African-American Storyteller Babs Bell Hajdusiewicz   Upper elementary and middle school readers will enjoy this life story of this African-American griot, a storyteller who keeps the African traditions and culture alive through tales. Mary Carter Smith grew strong through her supportive family, overcame many obstacles, and ultimately showed her love for children and her culture by becoming a public school teacher (Baltimore, MD, schools 31 years), radio host, story-teller, and co-founder of the Baltimore Big-Little Sister program. This inspiring biography includes photographs, a chronology of her life, chapter notes, a list of further reading, a list of Smiths honors and awards, and a comprehensive index and table of contents. From the "Multicultural Junior Biographies" series. 1995, Enslow, Ages 9 up, $18.95. Reviewer: Mary Sue Preissner ISBN: 0-89490-636-4 Matthew Henson B.A. Hoena    This simple book from the "First Biographies" series is an excellent introduction to biographies for young students just starting to read on their own. The 24-page book presents Arctic explorer Matthew Henson's life in three stages. The first four pages present Henson's childhood, noting that he was orphaned at an early age and went to work for a ship's captain who taught him how to read. Henson then meets Robert Peary, who asks him along on his exploration of the Arctic. Henson's accomplishments as an author and explorer are duly noted. The controlled vocabulary and short sentence structure are ideal for beginning readers without losing the emotional connection to Henson's life. Included are a table of contents, a glossary, an index and suggestions for further reading and web sites researched by the publisher's staff. Henson's life is interesting enough to draw in young readers; as an initiation to biographies, this book is a great beginning. 2006, Capstone Press, $15.93. Ages 6 to 9. Sharon Oliver (Children's Literature). ISBN: 0-7368-5249-2 May Chinn: The Best Medicine Ellen R. Butts and Joyce R. Schwartz Illustrated by Janet Hamlin   Despite her birth into an impoverished African-American family in turn of the century New York, May Chinn was clearly destined for greatness. Her mother believed in her and saved money to provide her with the college education that would lift her from poverty. May entered Columbia to study music, but faced such great discrimination that she despaired of ever building a career in that field. An encouraging professor convinced her to switch to science, a fortunate change that later led to a medical degree. She ran a family clinic in Harlem and worked in a cancer detection clinic for years. Tireless in her pursuit of knowledge, she studied for a degree in public health, which she put to use in efforts to improve the health of people in Harlem. May's inspiring story is well told in this biography, one in a series of "science superstars." 1995, Scientific American, Ages 10 up, $14.95 and $4.95. Reviewer: Dr. Judy Rowen ISBN: 0-7167-6589-6 ISBN: 0-7167-6590-X Mary Church Terrell: Leader For Equality Patricia and Fredrick McKissack    Mary Church Terrell was born during the Civil War, in Memphis, Tennessee. Her father, Robert, had been born a slave, but she was born free. He became a very wealthy businessman and Mary grew up as a child of privilege. In the 1870s, as Jim Crow laws were being enacted, Mary was sent to college in Ohio. Oberlin College was very unusual because it was integrated--men, women and African-Americans were educated together. Mary spent her life fighting for equal rights for blacks and women all over the world. She became the first president of the National Association of Colored Women, and joined the NAACP shortly after it was founded in 1909. She campaigned against the segregation of black soldiers during WWI and for the right of women to vote. In the early 1950s, in her eighties, Mary took part in sit-ins to protest segregation in the south. She died in 1954, shortly after schools were desegregated. There is a lot of information in the 27 large-print pages of the book, but some of it is found only in photo captions (in one instance, the caption contradicts the text) or in the timeline at the back of the book. Many readers may ignore the captions as well as the timeline, and will miss some interesting material. Although the McKissacks have long been lauded as outstanding authors, this may not be one of their best efforts. It provides, however, a solid informational base on which to build. Part of the "Great African-Americans" series. 2002 (orig. 1991), Enslow Publishers, Ages 6 to 9, $14.95. Reviewer: Ellen R. Butts ISBN: 0766016978 Mary Mcleod Bethune: Educator And Activist   Andrea Broadwater    Enslow Publishers has given young people a valuable series of "African-American Biographies," of which this volume is a part. Offering a wealth of detail, the author takes her readers from this inspiring woman's birth in late 19th-century South Carolina through her early school successes, her marriage, the birth of her son, and her beloved Bethune-Cookman College (Daytona Beach, Florida), which she started with $1.50 and a few crates. The college now has an endowment of over $25 million. Mary McLeod Bethune had an overwhelming desire to see the advancement of her race in both education and government. Thus she used her leverage as president of the National Association of Colored Women and as a friend of Eleanor Roosevelt's to make changes. Because of her courage, thousands of blacks benefited, as testified by the bronze statue of her erected in Lincoln Park, Washington, D. C. -- a first for either a woman or an African American in our nation's capital. The biography is fact-filled and spare at the same time, meaning that an enormous amount of information has been distilled into 100 pages. Students of Black History and Women's History will find their appetites whetted and will be eager to search out the "Further Reading" and "Internet Addresses" given as an addendum. The photos are well chosen, and the inclusion of a table-of-contents and index makes this book an easy source to use for specific research questions. An essential reference for both school and public libraries. 2003, Enslow Publishers, Ages 10 to 15, $20.95. Reviewer: Earlene Viano ISBN: 0766017710 Maya Angelou: America's Poetic Voice Nancy Shuker    Maya Angelou can sometimes seem a figure of mythic proportions--perhaps that is why she is included in this "Giants of the Arts and Culture" series--but Nancy Shuker does a good job of making her seem accessible and real. Augmented by more than thirty black-and-white photos and many quotes, this text explores Angelou's experiences from childhood to current day. A great deal of attention is given to issues of race and class, art and poetry, but the main focus of this book is determination and survival. This is a thoughtful and compelling examination of one of America's most beloved individuals. It includes a chronology of significant events from Angelou's life in the context of American events, a glossary and a bibliography. 2001, Blackbirch, Ages 9 to 12, $21.95. Reviewer: Heidi Hauser Green ISBN: 1567115063 Olympic Black Women Martha Ward Plowden Illustrated by Ronald Jones   From its beginnings in ancient Greece to its rebirth in 1896 as a tool for peace through universal understanding, the Olympics have inspired the world. Discouraged from taking part in vigorous physical activity in the past, women were finally allowed to participate in the 1900 Olympics and not until 1932 did African-American women appear on the scene. Plowden focuses on an area not often covered in Olympic history as she traces the lives and achievements of some of these. Each biographical sketch covers the personal life and awards won by these outstanding athletes. A timeline of participants in each Olympics, a listing of Olympic sites through the years, a glossary, and further reading list are also included. 1996, Pelican, Ages 10 up, $16.95. Reviewer: Tim Whitney ISBN: 1-56554-080-8 One More River To Cross: The Stories of Twelve Black Americans Jim Haskins   Meet a few of the thousands of African Americans who have made major contributions to American life. They range from Crispus Attucks, the first American to die in the cause of independence to Ronald McNair, the first black astronaut, who also died pursuing his dream. 1994 (orig. 1992), Scholastic, Ages 12 up, $13.95 and $4.50. Reviewer: Marilyn Courtot ISBN: 0-590-42896-9 ISBN: 0-590-42897-7 One More Valley, One More Hill: The Story of Aunt Clara Brown Linda Lowery    How many remarkable true stories have we let slide under the carpet of history? Thankfully, there is one less overlooked story now, with this fascinating biography of Aunt Clara Brown. Born into slavery, Clara Brown saw one of her children die in a tragic drowning accident. Then she cried helplessly as she, her husband and children were sold at auction to separate owners. At age fifty-six, Aunt Clara was set free by kindhearted owners. She then set out to try her luck in the Colorado gold rush. Aunt Clara found her fortune not in gold but in dirty clothes. By serving the laundering needs of miners she became one of the wealthiest women in the American West. Through all her trials and successes, though, Aunt Clara never ceased searching for her lost daughter Eliza Jane. Devoutly religious, she was known to drop to her knees at any time or place in order to give thanks to God. Aunt Clara's amazing true-life story resonates through the years, culminating in a joyous reunion with her daughter, when Clara was eighty-two. Short articles interspersed throughout the narrative give interesting background into the Dred Scott case, the Underground Railroad, the Colorado Gold Rush, and much more. 2002, Random House, Ages 10 up, $15.95. Reviewer: Christopher Moning ISBN: 0375810927 ISBN: 0375910921 ISBN: 0375810935 Best Books: School Library Journal Book Review Stars, February 2003; Cahners; United States Oprah Winfrey   Jean Blashfield    The "Trailblazers of the Modern World" series brings readers another in-depth look at the challenges and life of someone who has made a great contribution to the world. Born in the fifties in central Mississippi she was taught by her grandmother to read by age three. Her parents never married and her mother left her with her grandmother when she was just four years old. Although her grandmother took care of her, Oprah received more whippings (now known as physical abuse) than hugs. Food, being plentiful, became a substitute for love. When she was six, Oprah went to live in a single-parent home in poverty with her mother in Wisconsin. Eight years later she moved again only this time to Tennessee to live with her father. Following her graduation from high school Oprah is named Miss Black Tennessee and becomes the first African-American anchor in Nashville, a job she held for three years while she completed college. In 1985 A.M. Chicago was renamed the Oprah Winfrey Show for which she has received thirty-four Emmys. Oprah uses her popularity to encourage others to take social action. In 1997 she formed the Oprah's Angel Network, which has helped to build schools, homes and fund college scholarships. In 2002 she won the first Bob Hope Humanitarian Award. As well as talk show host and humanitarian, Oprah has appeared in several movies and in 2000 introduced her own magazine. As in each book in this series, included to enhance learning are a timeline, a glossary, an index, and a bibliography including Web sites. 2003, World Almanac Library, Ages 11 to 14, $26.60. Reviewer: Michele Wilbur ISBN: 0-8368-5087-4 Phillis Wheatley Susan R. Gregson    A woman who was both a slave and a published poet in the mid-18th century? That sounds like an unlikely combination, but it was true in the cas